Prostate disease is one of the most common and insidious diseases affecting men over 40 years of age.At first, patients may not realize there is a problem, but over time the symptoms become noticeable.If you do not consult a doctor in time, prostatitis becomes chronic and complications may appear.Depending on the severity, cause and nature of the course, different types of prostatitis are distinguished.
Types of prostatitis according to the form of appearance:
- spicy;
- chronic;
- latent.
What type of prostatitis occurs due to:
- herpetic;
- bacterial;
- calculator;
- stagnant;
- infectious;
- purulent;
- chlamydial;
- fungal;
- gonorrhea;
- fibrous.
Distribution
Faced with such an unpleasant disease of the genitourinary system as inflammation of the prostate gland, many men wonder why prostatitis appeared in them.
Understanding the etiology of the disease helps to make an accurate diagnosis and promotes effective prevention.
According to the shape of the flow
According to the form of its flow, prostatitis is divided into acute, chronic and latent, among which catarrhal, follicular and parenchymal (purulent) are distinguished.
The following forms of the disease are distinguished:
- With catarrhal prostatitis, the male body experiences urination disorders and discomfort in the pubic area.This is the most common type of acute prostatitis.
- Follicular prostatitis is characterized by symptoms such as pain in the groin or anus, increased body temperature and severe urinary problems (dysuria).In a more advanced form, when the patient postpones a visit to the doctor, acute pain occurs during urination and urinary retention occurs.
- Parenchymal prostatitis - an abscess with purulent contents forms in the body of the prostate gland.In this case, fever appears, sharp pains appear with a frequent urge to urinate.The temperature rises to 39-40 °C, the act of defecation becomes almost impossible.
Acute prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is a condition in which there is inflammation of the prostate gland, which appears in a short time and is characterized by various symptoms.Swelling of the gland occurs, provoked by the negative effects of pathogenic microflora.Pathogenic bacteria destroy the integrity of the tissues, causing constant discomfort in the pelvic area even at rest.
There are several preferential ways for the infection to enter the prostate gland:
- for inflammation of the rectum - the lymphogenic route;
- after infectious diseases - hematogenous;
- directly through the urethra - canalicular.
Excessive accumulation of contents in the prostate gland creates excellent conditions for the proliferation of bacteria, which causes various complications:
- abscess;
- prostate adenoma;
- prostate cancer;
- loss of power;
- infertility.
The symptoms of prostatitis are so painful that the patient is forced to urgently consult a doctor for help.If this is not done in time, prostatitis will become chronic, which is much more difficult to cure.Antibacterial therapy in combination with drugs that strengthen the immune system effectively fights the disease.
Chronic prostatitis
Symptoms of chronic prostatitis are usually revealed against the background of overload in the prostate gland, resulting from an acute untreated disease.It usually appears in men over 50 who have not sought help and have self-medicated.Many of them experienced complications due to co-morbidities.In addition, at this age, not everyone is sexually active enough, as a result of which the secretion thickens and gets stuck in the prostate, which leads to dysfunction.Interrupted sexual relations also provoke fluid stagnation.According to modern research, about 40% of men who experience symptoms of chronic prostatitis experience problems with erection.
Chronic prostatitis, as a rule, has mild symptoms that appear only during an exacerbation.Patients report dull pain in the groin area, which intensifies after exercise and at the end of the day.Often the pain radiates to the lower back, scrotum and perineum.Frequent urination is noticed, especially at night, the flow is intermittent and the flow is crooked.
Sexual intercourse becomes less prolonged, incomplete erection is observed, and sometimes pain occurs in the head of the penis.Infertility is commonly found in people with chronic prostatitis;impotence practically does not appear at this stage of the disease.Sometimes there is a change in the color of the genitals;due to improper blood circulation, they become purple.
Each of the prostatitis symptoms intensify if left untreated.The condition is similar to the manifestations during the acute course of the disease.Weakened immunity, stress, neglect of diet, bad habits - all this leads to worsening and worsening of the condition.
Often the chronic form leads to the appearance of symptoms of diseases such as cystitis, kidney diseases and adenomas.The risk of urolithiasis and the formation of a malignant tumor increases.Often the pathological process is practically asymptomatic and is discovered completely by chance during laboratory tests associated with another disease.
Because of the occurrence
There are many reasons that provoke the development of prostatitis of infectious and non-infectious etiology, as well as predisposing factors.Due to their appearance, the following types of prostatitis are distinguished:
- bacterial;
- calculator;
- stagnant;
- infectious;
- purulent.
A sedentary lifestyle, frequent hypothermia, infrequent sexual activity, interrupted sexual intercourse, smoking, alcohol abuse, stressful situations - all these circumstances affect the stagnation of secretions in the vessels of the prostate gland and in the vessels located near it.Prostatitis is classified into several forms depending on the reasons for its occurrence.
Bacterial prostatitis
Bacterial prostatitis is caused by bacteria that penetrate the prostate gland in different ways.This can be either one type of bacteria or a group of them.The disease can be caused by:
- mushrooms;
- gonococci;
- Koch stick;
- chlamydia;
- several types of bacteria at once.
The inflammatory process is most often associated with the penetration of bacteria caused by sexually transmitted diseases into the prostate gland.Chaotic sex with frequent changes of partners and without the use of protection leads to diseases such as gonorrhea, chlamydia and fungal infections.In addition, the development of pathology is facilitated by a decrease in immunity due to interruption of work and rest.Bad habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, etc.also decrease immunity.
The most obvious symptoms accompanying bacterial prostatitis include burning, pain, and cloudy discharge during urination.The smell of urine is unpleasant.General symptoms accompanying intoxication are observed: dizziness, weakness, nausea, fever.There is pain during ejaculation and sometimes blood is present.With chronic bacterial prostatitis, urination becomes more frequent and yellow or green discharge appears from the genitals.
Calculous prostatitis
With calculous prostatitis, stones form in the ducts of the prostate gland.This form of the disease is very complex and is accompanied by severe pain.Conglomerates come from different origins: phosphates, oxalates, with a predominance of calcium and proteins.
There are two reasons for the formation of stones in the ducts: the stagnation of the content of the gland and the reflux of urine in the prostate.
Stagnation is associated with various factors that interfere with the normal output of the secreted fluid.Long-term sexual abstinence, hyperplasia, the presence of a tumor that closes the channels and a sedentary lifestyle lead to stagnation of secretions and disruption of the vascular and lymphatic system.
Urinary reflux is provoked by a dysfunction of the sphincter, which relaxes and urine flows both outside and inside.The presence of stones and sand in the bladder contributes to the development of stones in the prostate ducts.They are carried there with urine, settle and continue to grow, eventually reducing the output.Dysfunction of the sphincter can result from genital injuries and surgical interventions.
At first, the calculous form of prostatitis is asymptomatic;as the stones grow, symptoms appear and increase.There is pain in the lower abdomen or scrotum, radiating to the back and lower back.Pain at rest is not noticed and appears only during physical activity, defecation and urination, as well as during sexual intercourse and while walking.
Large stones with sharp edges damage the channel during their movement, which leads not only to pain, but also to the release of blood in the urine and discharge.Wounds from stones can easily become infected, and then calculous prostatitis will turn into an infectious one.
After about a month, with calculous prostate, the functioning of the whole body breaks down, the person feels bad, experiences insomnia, increased fatigue and nervousness.
In the advanced stages of the calculous form of prostatitis, after a complete diagnostic examination, medication is prescribed and surgical treatment is performed to remove conglomerates.
Congestive prostatitis
Stagnant type of prostatitis occurs due to retention of secretions in the prostate gland.Most often, such problems are observed in men with sedentary jobs who do not play sports.As a result of physical inactivity, blood circulation in the pelvic organs is impaired, the prostate suffers from insufficient oxygen and nutrients, stagnation and inflammation occur.If nothing is done, the disease becomes chronic and causes great discomfort.
Congestive prostatitis is provoked by irregular sex life or its complete absence.In this case, men should release the gland itself from secretion, but do not overdo it, as regular masturbation can cause damage due to incomplete ejaculation.Many spouses have found a method to prevent pregnancy for themselves, such as ceasing intercourse.This also leads to incomplete shedding and the development of inflammation.
Sometimes the provoking factor is hypothermia or varicose veins.Abnormalities in the structure of the prostate gland can also cause stagnation.Regular overheating of the pelvic area and constant constipation negatively affect the production of secretions.Depending on the factors that provoke the disease, there are several types of congestive prostatitis.
- Venous prostatitis.It occurs in people suffering from varicose veins of the lower extremities.This disease affects all organs in the pelvis due to improper blood circulation.
- Congestive.It develops with partial emptying of the prostate gland.Gradual flooding leads to stagnation.
- Chronic.It develops when a wrong lifestyle has become a habit.If nothing is done to change the situation, the disease becomes chronic.It occurs more often in single men who suffer from obesity already in adulthood, when the anamnesis is complicated by concomitant diseases.At this stage, the prostate often increases in size, which is easy to determine by examination.
- Infectious.It joins an existing inflammation of the prostate when an infection enters the genitourinary system.
Symptoms of prostatitis that appear are caused by difficulty urinating, pain in the groin, straining during bowel movements and decreased sexual activity.As a result of these symptoms, with congestive types of prostatitis, poor health develops, irritability, productivity decreases and sleep is disturbed.
Infectious prostatitis
Microorganisms that can provoke the appearance of signs of acute prostatitis include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Eltirococcus, Klebsiella.There are bacteria that are constantly in the body, but in a dormant state they do not lead to inflammatory processes.When it penetrates through the urethra into the mucous membrane of the prostate gland, the process of development and reproduction of microorganisms begins, resulting in inflammation.Indiscriminate and unprotected sex also allows harmful bacteria to enter the body.
Characteristic symptoms are pain in the scrotum, perineum, lower abdomen, lower back, pain and burning in the pelvis.Difficulty urinating, acute retention of urine appears.In addition to the listed symptoms that accompany the infectious type of prostatitis, constipation, discharge from the urethra, hemospermia and pain during ejaculation may appear.
This is a dangerous disease that, even in the earliest stages, can provoke infection of the sexual partner, lead to general blood poisoning or the development of pyelonephritis and cystitis.
Purulent prostatitis
Purulent prostatitis usually develops when a bacterial infection enters the prostate.The disease appears in four stages.
- Catarrhal.It develops after suffering from acute respiratory viral infection, sore throat or flu.There is purulent content in the urine.There is a burning sensation when the bladder is empty.Patients notice a weakening of power.The process that accompanies this type of prostatitis involves the superficial tissues of the prostate.
- Focal.The process extends to the glandular tissue.The channels swell, the output is interrupted.The gland increases in size due to the accumulation of pus in it, which is released in the urine.Body temperature rises.
- Parenchymatic.The connective tissue is involved in the process, the swelling becomes even bigger and the temperature can reach 40 °C.Explosive pain in the anus does not give rest and a false desire to defecate is felt.
- Abscess.The most insidious form of prostatitis.The temperature drops a lot, there is abundant presence of pus and unbearable pain.This stage can be complicated by peritonitis and can be fatal.
Purulent prostatitis can be complicated by symptoms and diseases such as paraproctitis, paracystitis, abscess and sepsis.Typically, these pathologies are treated surgically and include the removal of purulent sacs.
Diagnosing
The diagnosis of the types of prostatitis is not particularly difficult and begins with the collection of an anamnesis, which helps to more accurately understand the appearance of the disease.Then a rectal examination is performed, during which the size of the gland is determined, the nature of the pain is determined, and the presence of swelling and stiffness is detected.
To make an accurate diagnosis, laboratory tests are prescribed:
- urine test;
- urine culture with AB sensitivity test;
- general blood test;
- prostate secretion analysis;
- biochemical blood test;
- rectal examination.
Additional diagnostics include instrumental research methods.First of all, an ultrasound is performed;if necessary, MRI and TRUS are additionally prescribed.Relatively recently, a new method of PET examination has appeared;considered more informative.
Treatment of inflammation
Urologists treat all types of prostatitis.Traditional methods are good, but only together with medical prescriptions and with the permission of the attending physician.
First you need to find out the cause that caused the disease, and only after that can the symptomatic treatment be carried out.
- Active antibacterial therapy helps to cure prostatitis.Parenteral administration of antibiotics is more effective.
- For severe pain, sedatives and diuretics are indicated.
- For constipation, laxatives are prescribed.
- For severe pain and difficulty urinating, novocaine blocks are placed.
- A course of therapy with vitamins and immunocorrectors is indicated.
- It is worth following a special diet that excludes spicy, salty and smoked foods.
- The bed regime is prescribed.
Local procedures include baths with water at a temperature two degrees higher than body temperature.Enemas are made with a herbal decoction of anti-inflammatory herbs with the addition of 1% anesthetic, while the contents are slowly introduced into the intestine and left there for as long as the patient can tolerate.
Physiotherapy treatment also has a beneficial effect on restoring prostate function.Prostate massage is prohibited for acute prostatitis, but recommended for chronic prostatitis.To restore metabolism, normal blood circulation and relieve swelling, UHF and microwaves are prescribed.
If urination is delayed for a long time, a catheter is placed.In some stages of the disease, surgical treatment is indicated for the opening of purulent bags and the installation of drainage.
Treatment of acute prostatitis lasts from several weeks to a month.A favorable result is usually observed.If the disease is complicated or has reached a chronic stage, the process will be complex, long and may last several months.
During the treatment, the limitation of sexual activity and the use of personal protective equipment are indicated.
A medical physiotherapy device helps to cure prostatitis.It effectively eliminates the symptoms of prostatitis, is able to restore reduced sexual activity, eliminates pain, relieves swelling and inflammation.The device can be used at home both for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the pelvic organs.
The device will relieve muscle tension, improve sperm production, strengthen blood vessels and prevent the development of other possible diseases in the pelvis.The device, which is used to treat prostatitis in men, is easy to use, equipped with a regulator for heating and vibration modes and works with electricity.Compact dimensions allow the device to be used in any conditions.
How to prevent the development of the disease?
Prevention of various types of prostatitis, like any other disease, is to maintain a healthy lifestyle, avoid bad habits and have a balanced diet.If you have been diagnosed with prostatitis, you should not neglect exercise.If an outbreak of inflammation occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor to eliminate the cause and prevent the spread of infection to other organs.
You must lead a decent lifestyle and have regular sex with a regular partner.It is important not to forget the personal hygiene of the genital organs and not to neglect regular preventive examinations by a urologist.If a man knows what prostatitis can be, and at the same time leads a passive lifestyle, he should do exercises that prevent the appearance of overload in the pelvis.
Let's sum it up
Depending on the causes and characteristics of the course, acute and chronic types of prostatitis are diagnosed.A special group includes chronic pelvic pain syndrome.Acute prostatitis is characterized by clinical manifestations such as chills, fever and pain.The chronic form may not appear at all or have a vague appearance: impaired urination, painful pain in the pelvic area, which, with the development of complications, can lead to impotence and loss of fertility.
Acute prostatitis develops suddenly and is easily diagnosed.In contrast, chronic prostatitis occurs in waves, alternating periods of remission and exacerbation.In chronic cases, the identification of pathogenic microbes can cause some difficulties.Infection foci that occur in the genitourinary system provoke complications in the form of diseases of organs anatomically adjacent to the prostate gland.Depending on the type of prostatitis diagnosed, the urologist prescribes a differentiated treatment regimen.